{"id":224,"date":"2021-01-07T08:18:50","date_gmt":"2021-01-07T07:18:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/?p=224"},"modified":"2021-01-07T08:18:51","modified_gmt":"2021-01-07T07:18:51","slug":"obrovsky-roj-cikad-a-tri-martanske-mise-co-ceka-vedu-v-roce-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/obrovsky-roj-cikad-a-tri-martanske-mise-co-ceka-vedu-v-roce-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Obrovsk\u00fd roj cik\u00e1d a t\u0159i mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 mise. Co \u010dek\u00e1 v\u011bdu v roce 2021?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Poda\u0159\u00ed se pl\u00e1n otev\u0159en\u00e9 v\u011bdy?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u00e1 v\u011bda by v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce m\u011bla b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. T\u011b\u0161it se tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme na t\u0159i mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 mise, kter\u00e9 po sedmi m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch doraz\u00ed ke sv\u00e9mu c\u00edli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sepsali jsme \u0161est v\u011bdeck\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se stanou p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud v\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1, co \u010dek\u00e1 Slovensko a sv\u011bt ohledn\u011b pandemie koronavirus, p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f z primar.sme.sk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b hork\u00fd rok
P\u0159esto\u017ee se fin\u00e1ln\u00ed verdikt dozv\u00edme a\u017e v b\u0159eznu 2021, ji\u017e nyn\u00ed v\u0161e nasv\u011bd\u010duje tomu, \u017ee rok 2020 byl jedn\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed nejteplej\u0161\u00edch od po\u010d\u00e1tku pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jinak tomu nebude z\u0159ejm\u011b ani v nov\u00e9m roce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To, zda sv\u011bt \u010dekaj\u00ed op\u011bt rekordn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry, jak\u00e9 jsme mohli vid\u011bt v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b na Sibi\u0159i, v Austr\u00e1lii \u010di Kalifornii, je zat\u00edm ot\u00e1zkou (i kdy\u017e velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No jist\u011b se m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159ipravit na to, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota bude op\u011bt nad pr\u016fm\u011brem vinou zm\u011bny klimatu. Nazna\u010duj\u00ed to i v\u00fdzkumy, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee teploty budou nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 do roku 2022 (a z\u0159ejm\u011b i po tom, jen v\u011bdci jsou p\u0159i dlouhodob\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edch omezen\u00ed daty a jejich p\u0159esnost\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 2021 se tak\u00e9 do\u010dk\u00e1me \u0161est\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o stavu klimatu a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu od Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho panelu pro zm\u011bnu klimatu a nikdo ne\u010dek\u00e1, \u017ee jej\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry budou p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K Marsu doraz\u00ed t\u0159i st\u00e1ty
USA, \u010c\u00edna a Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty doraz\u00ed na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku k Marsu po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sedm m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed cest\u011b. Pro \u010c\u00ednu a Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty jde o prvn\u00ed mar\u0165ansk\u00fd misi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161echny stroje doraz\u00ed k rud\u00e9 planet\u011b v \u00fanoru s odstupem p\u00e1r dn\u00ed – prvn\u00ed bude arabsk\u00e1 sonda Hope, pak \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 mise Tchien-wen-1 a rover Perseverance od NASA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonda Hope z\u016fstane na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze Marsu, odkud bude sledovat denn\u00ed a sez\u00f3nn\u00ed mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 mise sest\u00e1v\u00e1 ze sondy na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze, p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00edho modulu a mar\u0165ansk\u00e9ho vozidla – ty maj\u00ed v pl\u00e1nu p\u0159ist\u00e1t na planet\u011b a\u017e v dubnu 2021. C\u00edlem \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f je hledat d\u016fkazy o sou\u010dasn\u00e9m a minul\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b na \u010dtvrt\u00e9 planet\u011b Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. M\u00e1 tak\u00e9 prozkoumat mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed bude nejprobl\u00e9mov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mise. A\u010dkoliv \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i maj\u00ed zku\u0161enosti s p\u0159ist\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm na M\u011bs\u00edci, Mars m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed \u00faskal\u00ed. P\u0159i p\u0159ist\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed sonda ve velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dase prudce zpomalit a v\u0161echny \u00fakony mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159edem naprogramov\u00e1ny. V NASA tuto \u010d\u00e1st mise p\u0159ezd\u00edvaj\u00ed sedm minut hr\u016fzy. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i jej\u00ed v\u00fdsledek u\u017e nev\u011bd\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo ovlivnit, proto\u017ee sign\u00e1l ze Zem\u011b k Marsu m\u016f\u017ee putovat i dvacet minut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sv\u00e9 minuty hr\u016fzy si sama NASA za\u017eije 18. \u00fanora, kdy by m\u011bl na povrchu Marsu p\u0159ist\u00e1t jej\u00ed p\u00e1t\u00fd rover Perseverance. Pohybovat se bude v oblasti kr\u00e1teru Jezero, kde bude hledat stopy \u017eivota a vyzkou\u0161\u00ed tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it drobn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kysl\u00edku z mar\u0165ansk\u00e9ho oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Pokus m\u016f\u017ee nazna\u010dit, zda by na planet\u011b mohli dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159eb\u00fdvat lid\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vr\u00e1t\u00ed se jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch roj\u016f cik\u00e1d
Ka\u017ed\u00fdch sedmn\u00e1ct let se ze zem\u011b ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech americk\u00fdch vyroj\u00ed obrovsk\u00fd roj cik\u00e1d – hmyz s tvrdou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kostrou a blanit\u00fdmi k\u0159\u00eddly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Periodick\u00fdch cik\u00e1d znaj\u00ed v\u011bdci v\u00edce – v\u0161echny \u017eij\u00ed dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta v zemi a pak najednou vyl\u00e9zaj\u00ed bu\u010f po sedmn\u00e1cti nebo t\u0159in\u00e1cti letech – proto si je \u010d\u00edsluj\u00ed podle toho, kdy se objev\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na ja\u0159e 2021 se m\u00e1 na v\u00fdchod\u011b zem\u011b vyroj\u00ed jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch – Hejno X (anglicky Brood X), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e X je \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00edslice deset. M\u016f\u017ee se t\u00e1hnout od st\u00e1tu New York a\u017e po Georgii na jihu a Illinois na z\u00e1pad\u011b. V\u011bdci tak budou m\u00edt dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost zkoumat tyto cik\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e se Hejno X vyroj\u00ed, miliardy cik\u00e1d budou p\u00e1\u0159it, nakladou vaj\u00ed\u010dka a po p\u00e1r t\u00fddnech zem\u0159ou. Jejich potomci po vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed spadnou na zem, do kter\u00e9 se zahrabou. V n\u00ed p\u0159e\u010dkaj\u00ed 17 let, aby se mohli jako dosp\u011bl\u00e9 op\u011bt vyroj\u00ed v kv\u011btnu 2038.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cik\u00e1dy nejsou nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pro lidi ani zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Dokonce nejsou ani toxick\u00e9, tak\u017ee by je lid\u00e9 mohli i j\u00edst. Hmyz v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit mlad\u00e9 stromy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Op\u011bt spust\u00ed Velk\u00fd hadronov\u00fd urychlova\u010d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velk\u00fd hadronov\u00fd urychlova\u010d (LHC), d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu v\u011bdci experiment\u00e1ln\u011b potvrdili existenci Higgsova bosonu, op\u011bt spust\u00ed v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Od prosince 2018 je toti\u017e vypnut\u00fd, stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echny urychlova\u010de v are\u00e1lu CERNu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem odst\u00e1vky in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i opravili a vynovili, co bylo t\u0159eba a tak\u00e9 nab\u00eddli novin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm a ve\u0159ejnosti n\u00e1hled do jinak nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed urychlova\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urychlova\u010d LHC pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed v\u011bdci v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spustit pouze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b. Jeho t\u0159et\u00ed chod za\u010dne ofici\u00e1ln\u011b a\u017e na ja\u0159e 2022. Spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odd\u00e1lila pandemie koronavirus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoz\u00ed v\u011bdci doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee d\u00edky LHC se poda\u0159\u00ed objevit nov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Poda\u0159\u00ed se pl\u00e1n otev\u0159en\u00e9 v\u011bdy? Nov\u00e1 v\u011bda by v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce m\u011bla b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. T\u011b\u0161it se tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme na t\u0159i mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 mise, kter\u00e9 po sedmi m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch doraz\u00ed ke sv\u00e9mu c\u00edli. Sepsali jsme \u0161est v\u011bdeck\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se stanou p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok. Pokud v\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1, co \u010dek\u00e1 Slovensko a sv\u011bt ohledn\u011b pandemie koronavirus, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-zajimavosti"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=224"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/224\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":227,"href":"https:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/224\/revisions\/227"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/extramagazin.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}